PREPOSITIONS IN, ON, AT.

PREPOSITIONS IN, ON, AT.

A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method.
 Preposition in usage with periods of times and places.
Examples:
• Months = in April
• Seasons = in winter
• Country = in Greece
• City or town names = in New York
• Times of the day = in the morning, afternoon, or evening.
Exception: at noon, at night
 Preposition on usage with specific days.
Examples: on Friday, on New Year’s Day, on April 16
Note: American English = ‘on the weekend’ or on ‘weekends’
 Preposition at usage with specific times and specific places.
Examples: at 7 o’clock, at 6.15, at night, at school
Note: British English = ‘at the weekend’ or ‘at weekends’

NEWS ITEM

NEWS ITEM

News item is to inform the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Is structure is:
• Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
• Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
• Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.
Significant Grammar Features:
 Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
 Generally using Simple Past Tense
 Use of Material Processes to retell the event
 Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
 Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
 Focus on Circumstances
 Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.

OFFERING

OFFERING

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.
Nia : Would you like a cup of tea, Mr, Owyedz?
Mrs. Owyendz: Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
Nia : thank you. I’m glad you like it.

Ways to say it

* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?
* Would you care some salad?

Ofering to friends:

* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:

* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?

Declining an offering

* No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:

* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice

PASSIVE VOICE (PASSIVE SENTENCE)

PASSIVE VOICE (PASSIVE SENTENCE)

In the passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. Intransitive verbs such as happen, sleep, come and seem cannot be used in the passive.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.

Pattern: be + past participle
Example:
 The boy are listening to a story.
The story was being told by grandfather.
 Snow white eats a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is eaten by snow white
 Snow white is eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is being eaten by snow white
 Snow white has eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple has been eaten by snow white
 Snow white ate a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was eaten by snow white
 Snow white was eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was being eaten by snow white
 Snow white had eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple had been eaten by snow white
 Snow white will eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will be eaten by snow white
 Snow white is going to eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is going to be eaten by snow white
 Snow white will have eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will have been eaten by snow white

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?
Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.
Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember
Ways to respond:
Ø Hold on. Yes, got it!
Ø I know.....
Ø It’s coming back to me now.
Respond if you forget:
Ø Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
Ø I’m affraid I forget.
Ø I really can’t remember.
Ø I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Ø Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Ø Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Example..
It was Sunday morning, wati got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Wati : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Wati : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

Attic People store things in the attic.
Ballroom A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room A small room used for storage.
Cellar Underneath the house.
Cloakroom A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room A room where people eat.
Drawing Room A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall The entrance passage to a house.
Larder A small room used for the storage of food.
Library A room where books are kept.
Lounge Another name for living room.
Music Room A room where people play music.
Office A room where people work.
Pantry A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room Another name for living room.
Spare Room/
Guest Room A room where guests sleep.
Toilet A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Things you may find around the house

light bulb(s) plug(s) socket(s) torch(es)

ceiling light(s) lamp(s) curtain(s) shelf (shelves)

(tele)phone(s) box(es) plug(s) battery (batteries)

photo(graph)(s) television table mirror


picture
washtafel
bathtupe lamp


Example:
Here is a conversation between Mrs Smith (Joan) and husband Steve.
It's Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan : Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve : Where?
Joan : Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve : Oh yes, I see it. It's difficult in this light.
Joan : I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve : Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan : Yes, but don't worry, I'm really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he wants his room doing in.
Steve : I know, it's difficult when you're a boy. At least he's grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he'll ask for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan : Yes, but it is his room. I'm glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve : One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan : Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve : Hmmm, thanks. Here's a brush.